IJSP Number 7, 2025

International Journal of Supervision in Psychotherapy, Number 7, 2025 Page | 18 perspective about how supervision works, why it works, and what its critical constituents are. Connection, conception, allegiance, alignment, and action still remain its key defining, guiding, and abiding watchwords [11]. Although some CSRM components have research support (e.g., the supervisory alliance) [40, 55], other components have only recently begun to be examined (e.g., the supervisory real relationship). Furthermore, the study of relationships between and among variables across the model (e.g., via structural equation modeling) has yet to be conducted. We consider the CSRM to not only be a valued and viable conceptual/practical framework but to also be a highly heuristic research framework [11, 14, 33, 34]. Thus, we hope going forward that the CSRM, while continuing to add to our conceptual/practical understanding, will serve as a most fruitful and fructifying research stimulus that advances our empirical supervision understanding as well. REFERENCES 1. O'Donoghue, K., & Engelbrecht, L. (Eds.). (2021). The Routledge international handbook of social work supervision . Routledge. 2. Watkins, C. E., Jr., & Milne, D. (Eds.). (2014). Wiley international handbook of clinical supervision . Wiley. 3. Vîşcu, L-I., Cădariu, I-E., & Watkins, C. E., Jr. (2023). Competency based training for clinical supervisors . Elsevier. 4. Watkins, C. E., Jr. (Ed.). (1997). Handbook of psychotherapy supervision . Wiley. 5. Bernard, J. M., & Goodyear, R. K. (2019). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (6th ed.). Pearson. 6. Watkins, C. E., Jr. (2020). Psychotherapy supervision: An ever‐evolving signature pedagogy. World Psychiatry , 19 (2), 244-245. 7. Rousmaniere, T., Goodyear, R. K., Miller, S. D., & Wampold, B. E. (Eds.). (2017). The cycle of excellence: Using deliberate practice to improve supervision and training . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 8. Bernard, J. M., & Goodyear, R. K. (2014). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (5th ed.). Pearson. 9. Bernard, J. M., & Goodyear, R. K. (2009). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (4th ed.). Pearson. 10. Vîşcu, L.-I. (2018). Modelul ingrativ strategic de supervizare [ Integrative strategic model of supervision ]. Academic Universe Publishing House. 11. Watkins, C. E., Jr. (2017). How does psychotherapy supervision work? Contributions of connection, conception, allegiance, alignment, and action. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 27 (2) , 201–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000058 12. Watkins, C. E., Jr. (2018). The generic model of psychotherapy supervision: An analogized research-informing meta-theory. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 28 (4), 521–536. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000114 13. Watkins, C. E., Jr. (2018). The supervision pyramid: Acommonalities-based synthesis of intervention, relationship, and person/personhood. American Journal of Psychotherapy , 71 (3), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20180017