IJSP Number 8, 2026

International Journal of Supervision in Psychotherapy, Number 8, 2026 Page | 119 supervision that takes into account all influencing factors and allows for the combination of technical and meaningful levels of work: skills + values + meaning. This approach supports the development of the supervisee as a whole person, not just as a competent professional. However, in our opinion, this approach requires the supervisor to have a high capacity for metareflection and a parallel view of several levels of the system. Sometimes, focusing on the system can reduce the depth of work with the supervisee's meaning if the logotherapeutic component is not integrated. Existential-humanistic models (including logotherapy) are focused on establishing an alliance. Logotherapy in this case acts as the art of understanding the supervisee. Unlike more structural or technically oriented models (such as those of B. Proctor or J. Bernard), existential-humanistic models focus not so much on technical competence as on developing the supervisee's inner integrity. Strong trust and cooperation provide a safe space for exploring one's own professional and personal experiences. The supervisor encourages the supervisee to be fully present in the process: with the client, with their own emotions, and with the supervisor. This includes attention to nonverbal, emotional, and bodily aspects. When supervisors explore their own values, biases, and emotional reactions, they develop the ability to distinguish their own experiences from those of their clients, which has critical importance for working with trauma and vicarious trauma. The main advantages of this model include the following: in-depth work with the therapist's personality, which helps to form an authentic professional identity; prevention of burnout and restoration of contact with one's own values and the meaning of one's work; increased resilience and development of the ability to endure the client's suffering without losing oneself; a strong supervisory alliance that creates space for open reflection and meaningful learning. If we talk about the shortcomings of this model, it may be insufficient structure for assessing specific technical competencies; the risk of transitioning to therapy when the supervisor works more with the supervisee's personality than with the client's tasks, so it requires a clear definition of the boundaries between supervision and personal therapy. The use of logotherapy and existential analysys in treating post-traumatic stress disorder associated with combat operations constitutes a separate clinical niche. Working with survivors' feelings of guilt, loss of life orientation, and experiences of existential vacuum is of particular importance. Interventions based on logotherapy have been shown to be effective in reducing PTSD symptoms, particularly emotional arousal and avoidance behavior, as evidenced by a number of scientific papers and studies describing the use of logotherapy in working with traumatic experiences. In this context, logotherapy is not an alternative to trauma-focused methods, but rather an existential complement that allows one to work with aspects of trauma that are not exhausted at the symptomatic level. Therefore, supervision should be planned specifically with the acquisition of such experience by participants in mind. This could be thematic supervision, where logotherapy is used as an auxiliary method for working with trauma and post-traumatic growth, especially when it comes to the tragic triad that can be observed in military personnel (suffering, guilt, death). Another significant problem is professional burnout among specialists, which can be remedied by logotherapy, as it offers a broader arsenal than other methods. Logotherapy looks at a person from a holistic perspective, which is its advantage over other methods. When working with trauma, the supervisee inevitably becomes involved in intense emotional and existential experiences, which increases the risk of vicarious traumatization,