IJSP Number 7, 2025

International Journal of Supervision in Psychotherapy, Number 7, 2025 Page | 16 expertise --- the bond aspect of the supervisory working alliance --- in conjunction with the alliance’s goals and tasks components lays the foundation for and facilitates the action of the three supervision pathways. When operating in ‘good enough’ fashion, the three supervision pathways and supervision alliance converge --- producing two general supervision outcomes: better quality of therapeutic practice and reduction of anxiety, shame, and self-doubt. Better quality of therapeutic practice can be further broken down into two sub-goals or sub-outcomes: therapist identity development and therapist skills/competency development (italics added to highlight affected text differences/meaning as a result of model modifications). 3.4 REVISION for the NEGATIVE: WHEN SUPERVISION GOES WRONG Figure 3 provides a picture of positive supervision process, a collaborative and co- constructed experience, where all unfolds in optimal fashion and leads to optimal results - -- where our supervisory desiderata are realized and actualized. But as we have increasingly learned across supervision’s last generation, a negative supervision process --- be it labeled ‘bad, inadequate, unsatisfactory, conflictual, counterproductive, or harmful’ --- can also happen [40, 43-47]. And that negative process can have a host of untoward effects and deleterious consequences for the supervisees “caught” in its web [44, 48]. Figure 4 provides one such picture of a negative supervision process, instigated by the supervisor, where all unfolds in disruptive, problematic fashion and leads to disrupted, problematic, compromised results. Figure 4. The Contextual Supervision Relationship Model (CSRM): Supervisor Factors that Contribute to Un-Beneficial Outcomes Note. We express our appreciation to Dr. Jeffrey Magnavita, Editor, Journal of Unified Psychotherapy and Clinical Science , for allowing us to use and adapt previously published CSRM material from that journal [14, 34]. Largely a mirror reflection of Figure 3 in complete reverse, Figure 4 is defined by such features as ambiguity, vagueness, lack of clarity, mistrust, instability, unpredictability, and a supervisee feeling of being unmoored. The anchoring frame that ideally secures the supervisee is instead absent, fractured, or perverted. Although supervisees can contribute