IJSP Number 1, 2019

54 incorporates all the major theories of the Self found in psychotherapy: the psychodynamic approach, the client-centered approach, the behavioral approach, the cognitive approach, family therapy, gestalt-therapy, body psychotherapy, the theory of object relations, transactional analysis and psychoanalysis, theories that are based on neurobiology of the human brain: the interaction between the two hemispheres of the brain, neuronal plasticity and the way in which neural networks map information [1]. Formulating the case using Strategic Integrative Psychotherapy is based on the model of the Self and ten basic principles of strategic psychotherapy that also includes a cohesive meta-model of common factors in psychotherapy that synthesize common models found in present-day psychotherapy. The main element of psychotherapeutic progress is the therapeutic relationship and in the center of this relationship we have the two variables of the client and of the psychotherapist [1]. Gottfried Fischer and Peter Riedesser have defined in their book of psycho- traumathology an traumatic experience as being: “…a discrepancy between threatening situations and personal means of overcoming them that results in feelings of helplessness and defenselessness and thus determine a long-term deterioration in the understanding of oneself and the world” [2]. At the present moment there are different attempts to classify trauma. One of the more frequent one is presented by Leonore Terr which differentiates between two types of trauma [3] type 1 is about short-term events that are sudden and unexpected and contain a life-threatening element; and type 2 that is about states of overload, weakness and helplessness that are long lasting and repeating. Examples for type 1 are: work accidents, serious car crashes, crimes (like burglary, rape) and natural catastrophes (like hurricanes, floods, avalanches). Examples for type 2 are: torture, imprisonment, prolonged mistreatment, sexual or physical abuse and harassment. Thus, if for type 1 the traumatic experience occurs only once and is of short duration, for type 2 it can last for a long period of time, even years; for example: when a child is sexually abused in his/her family or a child is bullied at school [4]. Ruppert differentiates traumas by their sources, which result at a psychic and spiritual level in different coping mechanisms and specific symptoms of psychic wounds. Every kind of trauma requires its specific cure. So, we have four types of trauma: existential trauma; loss trauma; attachment trauma and attachment system trauma [5]. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts and memories, repeating nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance behavior, hyperactivity of the vegetative system and mood swings; symptoms that appear after an intense, life threatening psycho-traumatic experience [6].